Scientists have discovered why some people maintain mental clarity into old age. According to a new study, age-related changes in the cerebellum may explain differences in cognitive abilities among the elderly.
Located at the back of the skull, the cerebellum is traditionally associated with motor coordination. However, new research published in Nature Neuroscience suggests it also plays a key role in thinking and memory.
The study analyzed brain scans of over 700 healthy Americans, dividing the cerebellum into 11 regions to assess volume changes with age.
Results showed that the posterior regions, responsible for complex mental functions, shrink faster than the anterior regions controlling movement. Older individuals with larger cerebellums performed better on memory and thinking tests.
The researchers suggest the cerebellum may act as a "cognitive reserve." However, whether its size is a cause or just a correlate of slower aging remains unclear.
